B Vitamin Facts

Do B Vitamins Prevent Depression?

Elaine R. Ferguson, MD — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 00:42:16 +0000

B vitamins play a critical role in numerous functions in the body. Our bodies cannot store them, so it is imperative that we receive them on a daily basis. They are vital to our emotional and cognitive well-being. Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and refined sugars, lead to their degradation. Many people are deficient in one or more of these vitamins. Deficiency of vitamin leads to sleeplessness, tiredness, confused state of mind and finally into depression. Data of research suggests that people who have low levels of Vitamin B are more likely to be depressed than those who have normal levels.

B vitamins are found in all unprocessed, whole foods. High amounts are found in red meat and poultry. Potatoes, lentils, chili peppers, beans brewer's yeast and molasses are also good sources.

Researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that for every 10 milligram increase in the vitamin B6 intake and for every 10 microgram increase in vitamin B12 there was a 2 percent per year decrease in the risk of developing depression symptoms.

Sublingual B-12 with B-6 Folic Acid (Order Today!)

Previous studies have associated a lower risk of infection to vitamin B intake. Within the next 2 decades, according to the World Health Organization, more persons will be affected by depression than any other health condition. It also considers depression as the worldwide leading cause of disability affecting approximately 120 million people.

The study obtained data from over 2500 people over 65 years of age living in the Chicago area. The volunteers were living in a community. Dies were measured using food frequency questionnaires and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression.

During 7 years of follow-up, researchers found that the increased intakes of vitamins B12 and B6 are associated with a "decreased likelihood of depression." The intakes of the vitamins were from food and supplements.

Thousands of reviews and comments like this one come back every day to both my wife’s B-12 blog and my B Vitamin Facts website thanking us for the Vitamin B tips.
Thank you! Since the late 90's, I've had B-12 injections every 2-4 weeks because of the vitamin B-12 deficiency you speak of on the website. Sadly, it was nothing an MD would diagnose. After seeing 6 MDs over the course of 10 years who only prescribed antidepressants, I finally I consulted a Naturopathic Doctor who tested me for B-12 deficiency. He also ordered up a Heidelberg test to assess my stomach acid levels. As I recall the ND saying, the same cells that produce stomach acid also enable B-12 absorption, so a person low on stomach acid (hypochlorhydria) will also have difficulty metabolizing B-12. What a difference B-12 injections have made in my life. Likewise, since the same cells produce stomach HCl, taking HCl with pepsin capsules as needed with meals has eliminated any digestive issues I had, including GRD. But good luck getting an MD to test or diagnose the problems, or getting medical insurance to pay for the tests and meds (B-12 and HCl).

However, the benefits were limited to supplement consumption, according to Kimberly Skarupski, the lead researcher.

No link between depressive symptoms and food intakes of B12 or B6 were observed. This may be due to the fact that the food supply quantity of these vitamins is assumed but not confirmed.

"Our results support the hypotheses that high total intakes of vitamins B6 and B12 are protective of depressive symptoms over time in community residents.

There is a biologically plausible relationship between vitamin B intake and depression, according to a study conducted in Finland in 2003. The researchers of that study in t BMC Psychiatry noted that vitamin B12 is involved in the production of neurotransmitters, and some are linked to mood function (and dysfunction).

Also, vitamin B12 may stop the accumulation of the toxic amino acid homocysteine, which may lead to chemical reactions that enhance depression. Other studies have found that over 50 percent of people with depression have elevated homocysteine levels.

Want to find out more about holistic nutrition, then visit Dr. Ferguson's site and get the best holistic medicine information for your needs.

Sublingual B12 – The Top 6 Benefits

Katie Li — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 23:33:00 +0000

Vitamin B12 has some great benefits and many people are already aware of these. But what many don't know is that sublingual B12 is one of the best forms to take. Popular ways to take it are:

* From food is what the vast majority rely on. This can be difficult for many people,as you have no real idea how much you are getting.

* Taking the tablet form is perhaps the most popular method of taking it, but this also has many disadvantages. The elderly in particular can have trouble swallowing tablets, and many people just don't have enough stomach acid to break down and absorb the vitamin. Some tablets are also so poorly manufactured that they can be a complete waste of money.

* If you have severe deficiency your doctor will probably advise that you get this nutrient in shots. Not great if you are one of the many that don't like needles.

* A newer method of taking it is in patch form. You put the patch on your skin, usually behind your ear, and leave it on for 24 hours. This is an easy method, though it can be expensive

* For many, the easiest and quickest way to get their daily dose is by taking the sublingual form of cobalamin. This has many advantages over the other methods.

Here are 6 reasons why:

1. Quick Absorption - because the pill or drops are placed under the tongue, the vitamin is absorbed in seconds. This is due to the large number of blood vessels in that area of the mouth.

2. Efficient Absorption - compare to tablets, the sublingual form is absorbed very efficiently. You will get close to 100% absorption.

3. Instant Effect - you will notice the effect right away when you take sublingual cobalamin. The fast absorption means you will feel the effects in seconds.

4. Improves Appetite - the sublingual method can improve appetite quickly if the loss of appetite was cause by deficiency.

5. Improved Sleep - insomnia and other sleep disturbances that are caused by deficiency are fixed quickly with sublingual B12.

6. It's Affordable. Compared to other forms of B12, it is relatively inexpensive. Tablets may be cheaper, but when you take into account the fact that less than 2% of the vitamin in tablet form is absorbed, then the sublingual form will seem to be the obvious choice.

Remember that Vitamin B12 is essential for your health. Deficiency can lead to irreversible nerve damage and other serious conditions. Taking a daily dose of Sublingual B12 will ensure you are getting enough of this vital nutrient.

Find out more about the great benefits of sublingual b12 at our sublingual vitamin b12 website.

How Vitamin B12 Can Help

Henry G. Thompson — Wed, 12 Jan 2011 05:55:28 +0000

The forms of vitamin B12 used in the human body are methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. These are also the two forms of cobalamin that cyanocobalamin, common in most vitamin B12 supplements, is converted to.

There has never been any toxic or adverse vitamin B12 side effects associated with large intakes of the vitamin. Whether from food or supplements vitamin B12 side effects are nonexistent in healthy people. In fact, doses as high as 1mg (1000 mcg) daily by mouth or 1 mg monthly by intramuscular (IM) injection have been used to treat patients with pernicious anemia and not a single one of them ever complained of significant vitamin B12 side effects.

The reason behind the low level of toxicity or vitamin B12 side effect may have to do with the fact that the body can only absorb small amounts of vitamin B12, even if taken in large doses. Because of this low risk of vitamin B12 side effects, no tolerable upper intake level (UL) was set by the Food and Nutrition Board in 1998 when the RDA was revised.

As far as drug interactions are concerned, or vitamin B12 side effects when taken in conjunction with other drugs, only a few number of drugs can affect the vitamin intake, but only as far as the rate of absorption is concerned. One vitamin B12 side effect seems to be that when the vitamin is taken with proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole and lasoprazole which are used for therapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach acid secretion required for the release of vitamin B12 from food decrease.

There has been a number of benefits when you take in vitamin b12. Whether from food or supplements vitamin B12 side effects are nonexistent in healthy people.

Vitamin B12 And Its Benefits

Mary Dezfoli — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 20:23:28 +0000

Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin is a water soluble vitamin needed for a variety of biological processes in the human body. From metabolism of cells to the smooth functioning of the nervous system, Vitamin B12 plays a key role in maintaining a healthy physical state. Spirulina is the best source of Vitamin B12. It can also be obtained from eggs, fish, meat, dairy products, etc.

Vitamin B12 has many health benefits and can help your body in various ways. Here's a look at the various benefits offered by Vitamin B12:

1.) Creation of Red Blood Cells - The maintenance, formation and repair of red blood cells is largely dependent on Vitamin B12. Athletes and people with low energy levels usually take B12 injections, for an instant increase in energy levels. Vitamin B12 also plays a significant role in the regeneration and development of DNA and RNA (the genetic material in our body). It's important for the rapid synthesis of RNA and DNA during cell division, specially in tissues where cells are dividing quickly.

B12 Deficiency can affect DNA production and result in abnormal cell growth, leading to anemia.

2.) Healthy Nervous System - Vitamin B12 assists in the smooth and proper functioning of the nerve cells and brain in the body. Each nerve fiber is surrounded by an insulating fatty sheath made up of Myelin, which is a complex protein. Myelin not only protects the nerves but also allows transmission of electrical impulses between the nerve cells throughout the body. Vitamin B12 plays a major role in the metabolism of fatty acids important for maintenance of Myelin.

A lack of Vitamin B12 can have serious neurological effects ranging from loss of sensation to visual impairment to memory loss and dementia.

3.) Cures Depression - Vitamin B12 is regarded to promote activity of hormones and neurotransmitters that can influence your mood and emotional state. These hormones add Serotonin, Dopamine and Melatonin. Depressed patients are often prescribed Vitamin B12 supplements as it can set off serotonin 'happy hormone' production and uplift their mood.

A deficiency of B12 vitamin can lead to anxiety, stress and depression.

4.) Manages Homocysteine Levels - Proper dosage of Vitamin B12 in combination with Folic acid can effectively control the homocysteine levels (an amino acid produced from proteins) in the blood plasma cells. Vitamin B12 insufficiency can result in hematological conditions, increasing the risk of heart diseases, stroke and osteoporosis

5.) Healthy Hair and Skin - Vitamin B12 is vital for DNA and RNA synthesis and cell reproduction. Our skin, hair and nails undergo a process of constant renewal and growth, which is why they need adequate amount of B Vitamins, especially B12 for sustaining a healthy growth. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 can lead to wrinkles, dry skin acne, brittle hair and nails and skin problems just like dermatitis.

6.) Promotes Absorption of Folic Acid - Folic acid is important for the synthesis of red blood cells in the body. With out Vitamin B12, folic acid can't be regenerated in the body and becomes stuck in a metabolically useless form. For correct absorption and regeneration of folic acid, one needs to get enough amount of Vitamin B12. Both folic acid and Vitamin B12 are dependent on each other, as deficiency of Vitamin B12 is followed by a deficiency of folic acid, and vice versa.

7.) Weight loss - Vitamin B12 is also known as the 'Energy Vitamin' since it can give a instant and real energy boost. It can speed up the metabolism process, thus burning more calories and improving the rate of weight reduction. It also increases the total energy levels in the body, allowing you to boost your level of physical activity and exercise.

Also as we talked about previously, Vitamin B12 helps in fighting depression and stress, symptoms which are mostly associated with weight gain.

8.) Encourages Healthy Pregnancy - Compared to normal adults, pregnant girls need a higher amount of Vitamin B12 to generate red blood cells, release energy from food, maintain a healthy nervous system and to process folic acid. B12 deficiency can cause miscarriage and even birth defects. The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) of Vitamin B12 for pregnant girls is 2.6 mcg per day, and it's essential that this requirement is met.

9.) Assists Combat Mental Decline - Vitamin B12 is a vital nutrient essential for everybody including older adults. According to recent researches, adequate amount of Vitamin B12 can eliminate mental decline associated with old age. Alzheimer's diseases, Dementia and short-term memory loss can all be avoided, as Vitamin B12 promotes healthy performance of the neurological system and brain.

Experts have found that when patients suffering from Alzheimer's or other memory problems were medicated with vitamin B12, numerous of their symptoms disappeared within six months and they regained mental clarity and focus.

10.) Allows you to Sleep Better - Vitamin B12 enhances the production of Melatonin, a hormone that facilitates healthy sleep patterns. This is particularly beneficial for older adults, as with age their body becomes less efficient in making this hormone. Vitamin B12 can help in improving Melatonin production allowing older people to sleep better.

While the above mentioned benefits of Vitamin B12 are well documented, there are a number of other benefits that are being studied by scientists and health experts worldwide. One of such researches shows that Vitamin B12 can drastically increase sperm count and treat male infertility. Likewise, tinnitus (constant ringing in the ears) can also be remedied with B12 supplementation.

Vitamin B12 is undoubtedly an important nutrient required for most of our life processes - from enhancing physical health to boosting mental performance, Vitamin B12 can help you in countless ways. Ensure that you get enough amount of this vitamin either from dietary sources or through B12 supplements.

For more information on Vitamin B12 Benefits, please visit our health related website bewellbuzz.com

Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Dave Nettles — Sun, 20 Jun 2010 14:01:33 +0000

Vitamin B 12 Deficiency An Epidemic of Misdiagnoses

Since sharing the book (Could It Be A Vitamin B-12 Deficiency) the horror stories are coming in by the hundreds. It not a silent crippler any longer, people are learning that the problems with their health are not some new unknown disease.

It is hard to understand why medical professionals will not just test you for the deficiency today. We just got the report of another horror story about a woman who had a B-12 deficiency most of her life. She would get B-12 shots and then for some reason her doctor stopped giving them to her. After some time went by she started showing symptoms that looked like MS. So the doctor wanted her to get the MRI on her brain. A family member read the book and told her to have the doctor to just test her for the B-12 deficiency. The doctor said that’s not it you need the MRI. The lady went to another doctor and got the B-12 shot and got better fairly quickly. Needless to say the lady now has a new PCP.

We are opening up this blog for comments. So please share them for all to see about the problems solved by just getting the right amounts of B-12. Share your own personal success stories.

This is such a huge epidemic in the world and it does not need to be. The medical profession can’t charge millions for all the tests and new drugs if they treat you for your B-12 deficiency. This is starting to really look like the reason for it.

Get a copy of Could It Be B12? An Epidemic of Misdiagnoses at a 28% discount!

The research proves this to be the case and what is really needed is a world- wide drive to get everyone the proper amount of B-12. And before they get treated for some new disease they do not have. But this will never happen because there is no real money in it. So it is up to us to get the word out.

See what one Doctor has to say about this book:

In the 26 years that I have been investigating B12, memory disorders and depressive/ bipolar illnesses, NO patient who came to me with a memory problem (early Alzheimer's) has gone on to Alzheimer's dementia, and I have a near-perfect track record in helping people overcome depression and bipolar disorders. These outcomes are largely due to my permanent optimization of every patient's serum B12 level. (J. Dommisse MD)

Paraphrased for size; read the entire review here.

B12 absorption depends on many cofactors, so it is possible to take adequate amounts of B12 in the diet, and still have a B12 deficiency. Absorption of B12 requires gastric acid, so anything which reduces gastric acid production such as gastric surgery, atrophic gastritis, or antacid drugs could produce B12 deficiency. The very popular antacid drug Prilosec (omeprazole) has been clearly shown to decrease B12 absorption. Other antacid pills such as Prevacid, Protonix, antac, Nexium, Aciphex, Zantec, Tagamet, Pepcid, Maalox, mylanta, reduce gastric acid, inhibit B12 absorption and may produce B12 deficiency.

Share this information and you can get all the documented medical facts you could want in the book (Could It Be A Vitamin B-12 Deficiency) then don’t forget to share your success here.

More B Vitamin FAQs

Get a copy of Could It Be B12? An Epidemic of Misdiagnoses at a 28% discount!

In The News Vitamin B12

Dave Nettles — Sun, 07 Mar 2010 17:30:50 +0000

Vitamin B12

Women contemplating having children need to consider ahead of time are they getting enough B12 and folic acid in their diet. Stating it like a new discovery researchers are saying B12 and folic acid seriously cut the risk of birth defects to the spinal cord and brain.

The medical system in this country has gotten so full of itself the common sense is left out of the equation for medical treatment in this day and age.

In different parts of the world like Ireland the women there have the lowest levels of B12 of any other place. The women there are much more likely to have babies with neural tube defects than anywhere in the world. This coming out of the journal Pediatrics again like some new discovery when any first year medical student knows what vitamin B deficiencies causes.

The disability or death caused from neural tube defects and the two most common are the brain and skull bones do not develop normally. And another where the back bones and spinal cord do not develop correctly is called spina bifida.

The vitamin B deficiency risk factor is almost getting to be silly in this day and age. People act like it is not known along with doctors. Resolving the B vitamin deficiency is so easy and cheap there is no reason for these problems to occur. You can’t overdose on B vitamins and everyone can afford them.

Today the biggest reasons for the deficiencies are people no longer eat as much meat as years past. So we must get the B vitamins from supplements.

Why so Critical to Not Be Deficient in B Vitamins

Just B12 alone is required to maintain healthy red blood cells and nerve cells. Here is where is would be found in your diet; meat dairy, eggs, fish, shellfish and fortified breakfast cereals. All the things people no long eat or are told not to eat. Sure you can get the B12 injections from some doctors but they are so cheap they do not like to bother with them because they do not make any money off them.

All the B vitamins can be taken as an individual supplement or in a multivitamin.

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Important Knowledge About Vitamin B

Keith Woolley — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 20:41:54 +0000

Vitamin B is something that many people around the country are confused about. There are many different things that are part of this vitamin family. Here we will look at some of them a bit further and the purpose that they have when it comes to the way that our body works.

One of the first things we need to understand is that when it comes to vitamins they are generally stored in specific areas of the body. Vitamin B is one that is stored in the liver. This is where it performs the work that it does when it comes to helping our bodies.

We are already aware that this vitamin is made up of many different things put together. Each particular part of this group has a job to do when it comes to helping out bodies perform properly. Learning about them individually is the best way to be sure of how they work and what you can do to help the way they work in your own body. By this I mean you can learn about the specific foods that help with each of them.

Thiamine and Riboflavin are both b vitamins. They are also both very important when it comes to the way our body breaks down the food that we eat. Thiamine is also connected to the way our nervous system works, so making sure that it is in the best form possible is a crucial thing. Riboflavin is associated with our skin and mucous membranes that are in our bodies.

Another part of this family is that of Niacin. This one also helps in the breaking down of the food that we eat. Along with this though, it is also found to help with our nerves, skin and intestinal health as well. There is the potential for a person to have an abundance of this in their system. This can result in a person experiencing side effects. These are not things to become overly worried about, but are something that should be known may be causing some of the uncomfortable irritations that they are having.

A lot of people are not aware that Folic Acid is a member of this family of vitamins. This is the one that has been found to be very crucial when it comes to the development of a fetus in pregnant women. Making sure that you increase the amount of this that you have during the pregnancy is a common recommendation of doctors all over the country.

Most people have heard of the B12 vitamin. It is a very common one that many doctors discuss with a lot of people. This can be due to the lack of it that can become apparent in the body as we approach the middle aged years of life. This is another situation that can usually be easily rectified by either injection or pill format. Ask your doctor about this if you are feeling sluggish and are at this stage of life.

These are only some of the components of the vitamin b family. There are others that are also very important to our health but most people do not have many issues with. There is an extensive amount of information that can be found on the internet about this subject. Taking the time to look through it can be very helpful when it comes to learning about what foods are better when it comes to sustaining good levels of this in your system. Having a guide with the important food information can help you improve your health a great deal and is something that should be done by all of this.

Numerous individuals are out there that suffer from Vitamin B deficiency of some sort. Most individuals are not aware of where they get these from. Get it now with Solgar Vitamin B .

B12 FAQ

Dave Nettles — Sun, 12 Oct 2008 17:15:12 +0000

Frequently Asked B12 Questions

What can you expect to gain by taking Sublingual B-12, B-6 & Folic Acid daily?

By getting a therapeutic dosage you can expect to see your energy levels to go up and your overall mood to improve. You will not get the therapeutic dose from a multi-vitamin because they are only designed to maintain a base line not to correct a deficiency and produce change.

The Sublingual B12 available today contains the therapeutic dosage needed to bring about the correction to the deficiency. Most of us have the deficiency and the solution is one of the new Sublingual B12 products with B12, B6 & Folic Acid to provide the improvement in energy and mood quickly.

Sublingual B12, B6 & folic acid formula’s are tested for absorption in the body and proven. A simple way to tell you have a quality brand is when placed the B12 under the tongue that it does not break up and takes time to dissolve. This gives the proper time for absorption by the body producing the results you are looking for.

How Does a Sublingual B12 Stack Up Against B12 Injections?

In studies performed on the sublingual B12 products it is found that a 1000 mcg B12 tablet are as effective as the B12 Injections.

All of the sublingual B12 have a warning (not to swallow whole) there is no need to worry about it being unsafe. The problem here is you do not get the proper absorption and it is passed through the body without getting the benefit of it.

Some Ask Can They Take More Than 1 Sublingual Tablet a Day?

The answer is yes and the best recommendation is one in the morning and one at noon after you eat. The information provided by the FDA is there is no set upper limit on B12.

Some Wonder Will B-12 Cause You to Lose Sleep?

This is the reason the recommendation is morning and noon. If you take your B12 in the evening there is a chance the extra energy can keep you awake at night. B12 is very safe to take but if you find its keeping you awake at night cut back on the therapeutic dose.

Can Sublingual B12, B6 & Folic Acid Cause Problems With Other Medications?

Most of the time it has no effect but the real answer is to always ask your doctor if there could be any bad reactions to the other medications he has you on.

Can Sublingual B12, B6 & Folic Acid Cause Problems With Diabetics?

The recommendation is for diabetics to take the therapeutic dose because they have a much higher risk for many diseases. There are no known bad side effects of diabetics taking B12. They may not get the noticeable extra energy and improved mood like a non-diabetic. Because a diabetic’s blood sugar has a bigger impact on their energy and mood level so always consult with your doctor.

Vitamin B1 Facts

What are Vitamin B12 Facts?

Dave Nettles — Tue, 07 Oct 2008 21:49:39 +0000

The B12 vitamin is referred to as cyanocobalamin and it is soluble in water and part of the B vitamin family. The B vitamins are used to support adrenal function and calm and maintain the nervous system. They are necessary for the metabolic processes. B12 vitamins are also important to DNA synthesis plus they also help maintain the nerve cells.

B12 Vitamins are They Necessary?

B12 vitamins are involved in maintenance and development of healthy red blood cells, nerve cells and the covering (myelination) of nerve cells. B12 vitamins help in the production of DNA and RNA. The B12 vitamin also assists in the production of neurotransmitters.

What A Vitamin B12 Deficiency Can Look Like

A B12 vitamin deficiency can have symptoms including bleeding gums, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, heart palpitations, numbness, nausea, poor appetite and mouth sores. The symptoms will come on slowly and may not be found or recognized for a long time. Another symptom of the deficiency can develop pernicious anemia and can lead to confusion, loss of memory and dementia.

The most prone to vitamin B12 deficiencies are vegetarians and their vegan children. The reason for this is the B12 vitamin comes from animal products. The other group is the elderly by being unable to absorb the B12 vitamins in the intestinal track. Those pregnant or have other intestinal disorders or hemorrhaging.

B12 How Much and What Kind is Needed?

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for age 14 and older is 2.4 mcg. Adults and pregnant females that are adolescent need 2.6 mcg. For lactating females both adult and adolescent need 2.8 mcg. Once the age of 50 is reached people should eat foods fortified with B12 and or take B12 supplements. The recommended amount is 25 to 100 mcg keep the B12 vitamins at the correct levels. Some medical professional suggest 50 mcg of B12 in a B-Complex that has biotin, niacin, riboflavin and thiamine included.
Children need different amounts based on age.

Consult with your child’s medical professional in case there are some special needs. The basic recommendations are for babies from 0 to 6 months is .04 mcg; From 7 to 12 months 0.5 mcg; From 1 to 3 years 0.9 mcg; From 4 to 8 years 1.2 mcg; And 9 to 13 years 1.8 mcg.

What Foods Contain Vitamin B12

The best sources of vitamin B12 come from animal derived foods. Shellfish, fish, dairy products, eggs and poultry are best.

Can you get too Much B12 Vitamin?

The B12 vitamins are considered safe and non-toxic. There are some other considerations to think about. A sublingual B12 for seniors to be absorbed by the blood vessels in the mouth is better since they may have more trouble absorbing the B12 from the digestive system. Also consider all the things that may deplete or hinder absorption. Alcohol to the excess, antibiotics, stomach acid controlling drugs and those with type 2 diabetes that take Metformin plus one other drug is known to lower the serum levels of the B12 vitamin and that is nicotine. Some lesser known things that can reduce the absorption of the B12 vitamins are vitamin C in supplements and potassium.

Vitamin B1 Facts

	Could It Be B12?: An Epidemic of Misdiagnoses List Price: $12.95 Sale Price: $5.99
	A silent crippler stalks millions of North Americans. It afflicts one person with tremors, makes another depressed or psychotic, and causes agonizing leg pains or paralysis in still another. It can mimic Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, early Parkinson’s disease, diabetic neuropathy, or chronic fatigue syndrome...